+ Bleeding occurs when any of the blood vessels within the nose are ruptured.

+ The most common area for a nosebleed is near the front, i.e. upper end of the nasal septum where there are many blood vessels. The nasal septum (along the fleshy part) divides the nose into 2 paths. This type of bleeding is known as anterior where blood flows out through the nostrils.

+ Posterior bleeding is less common & bleeding concentrates around the upper part of the nose. Blood tends to backflow towards the back of the mouth & throat.

+ Children are more vulnerable to nosebleeds than adults. Majority of the nosebleeds are not serious.

+ Some causes :
- Picking the nose vigorously
- A hard knock on the nose
- A broken nose
- During the first menstrual period
- Chemical irritants (e.g. ammonia, sulfuric acid)
- Constant blowing or sneezing
- Dry environment or low humidity
- Nasal spray
- Head injury
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Leukemia
- Liver disease
- Tumor (benign or malignant)
- Cocaine consumption
- Bleeding disorder (e.g. hemophilia)
- Medications that interfere with blood clotting (e.g. anticoagulants & nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin & ibuprofen)

+ Continuous bleeding for more than 15 minutes is a medical emergency. Get a doctor's attention immediately.

+ A rhinoscope is a tool that enables the doctor to view the back of the nose to spot the bleeding blood vessel(s).

...If the bleeding continues after you have released pressure, firmly pack both of your nostrils with some gauze dabbed with antibiotic/antiseptic ointment & see a doctor at once.

...If bleeding reocurs often, see a doctor at once.

...Open your mouth when sneezing

...Use a humidifier to add moisture to a dry environment. See humidifers here

...Stop pricking the nose.

...If the air is dry & is causing the nosebleeds, moist nose with petroleum jelly (e.g. vaseline) or other lubricants using a cotton wick every night before bedtime.